Fragments of a small, bronze firearm discovered in Brandenburg, Germany, may represent the oldest known portable gunpowder weapon in Europe – potentially dating back to 1390. This discovery predates the previously recognized oldest example, the Tannenberg rifle (1399), by nearly a decade.
The Kletzke Hand Cannon: Details of the Discovery
The artifact, measuring approximately 2 inches in length, was unearthed in 2023 by volunteer heritage conservationist Matthias Dasse during a survey near Kletzke Castle. Subsequent identification by Gordon Thalmann confirmed the fragments as a barrel from an early firearm. Researchers have dubbed it the “Kletzker Handrohr,” or “Kletzke hand cannon,” suggesting a potential connection to the 1390 siege of the castle.
Historical Context: Warfare in Late Medieval Brandenburg
Kletzke Castle was the site of a regional conflict in 1390 when Dukes led 1,100 troops against the von Quitzow family, who held the stronghold. The defenders successfully repelled the attack, as documented by Franciscan monk Detmar of Lübeck. This siege provides a plausible context for the firearm’s presence: it may have been used by either attackers or defenders.
The significance of this find lies in its rarity. Written accounts suggest firearms were emerging in late medieval warfare, but physical evidence from this early period is scarce. If confirmed, the Kletzke hand cannon would offer rare insight into the transition from traditional weapons to gunpowder-based warfare.
Origins and Implications
The artifact’s origin is uncertain; Christof Krauskopf, Head of the Brandenburg State Office for Heritage Management, suggests it may have been brought to the region by outside forces, rather than locally produced. This raises questions about the spread of gunpowder technology across Europe during the 14th century.
The discovery underscores that firearms were not necessarily a sudden invention, but rather a gradual introduction into existing military tactics.
The Kletzke hand cannon represents a tangible link to a pivotal moment in military history, shedding light on the early stages of gunpowder weaponry.
