NASA astronauts are preparing for upcoming lunar missions with extensive training in the agency’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) – a 6.2-million-gallon pool that mimics the weightlessness of space. This critical step ensures crews can effectively work and maneuver on the moon’s surface before ever setting foot there.
Artemis Missions and the AxEMU Suit
The current focus is on the Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AxEMU), a next-generation spacesuit designed by Axiom Space for the Artemis program. This suit marks a significant upgrade from previous models, including those used during the Apollo missions and on the International Space Station.
Key improvements in the AxEMU include:
– Enhanced mobility for traversing uneven lunar terrain.
– A more adaptable fit for a wider range of astronaut body types.
– Upgraded life support systems for longer duration surface activities.
– Integrated tools optimized for scientific operations in extreme conditions.
Underwater Training at the NBL
The NBL serves as the primary training ground because water provides a near-perfect simulation of lunar gravity. Astronauts wearing weighted mockups of the AxEMU conduct realistic exercises, testing maneuverability, dexterity, and visibility. This allows NASA engineers to evaluate performance before actual missions.
In September 2025, NASA completed the first dual-suit run with the AxEMU. Astronauts Loral O’Hara and Stan Love simultaneously donned two fully integrated suits, marking the first time the suits were tested together in a full operational scenario.
“This test was essential for evaluating how astronauts coordinate tasks, how the life-support systems function in tandem, and how the NBL environment supports full-scale Artemis preparation,” according to NASA reports.
The astronauts simulated lunar activities, including rock collection, obstacle navigation, and collaborative work. The test confirmed that NASA’s facilities, support systems, and training procedures are ready for the next phase of Artemis preparation.
The NBL is located at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
The rigorous underwater training ensures that when astronauts finally walk on the moon again, they will be fully prepared for the challenges ahead.
This meticulous preparation underlines NASA’s commitment to safety and mission success as the agency prepares to return humans to the lunar surface after more than half a century.
